So the model was simplified without consideration of the viscosity variation, and an equation for contamination concentration distribution caused by elevation difference was developed.
Its application range, i. e. great elevation difference and bad condition of foundation, are pointed out.
A new spiral trumpet interchange has such advantages as dealing with the large elevation difference, increasing the ramp length, reducing the longitudinal, saving land and so on.
The overall layout takes full advantage of the elevation difference of the landform to create a number of exuberant Spaces.
This paper introduces a basic principle and calculation formula of measuring the horizontal distance and elevation difference by central hair stadia, and analyzes its measuring precision.
